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(1) Water plants are the source of nutrition for crayfish. Waterweeds are fresh, tender, brittle, and slippery, and they are in line with the natural feeding habits of crayfish. They are the favorite food for crawfish and they play an important part in the food composition of crayfish. The protein, fat, cellulose, vitamins, and calcium and phosphorus contained in waterweeds are the guarantees for the balanced nutrition of the bait. Crayfish often ingest waterweed to promote digestion and reduce the incidence rate, which is extremely beneficial to their healthy growth. At the same time, dense aquatic plants can also attract screws, small fish and many other food organisms for crayfish feeding.
(2) Aquatic plants are crayfish habitat, feeding and shelter. Crayfish have a weak swimming ability and can only swim in water for a short time. At night, they crawl on the floating leaves of water plants and play tricks. They crawl on grasses during the day and feed on them. The body is exposed to sunlight and can promote calcium absorption. It is conducive to the growth and development of carapace, but also can reduce the surface parasite harm. The cyclic shelling of crayfish often adheres to the stems and leaves of aquatic plants, and the soft shelled shrimp after shelling hides and hides in the aquatic grasses and is not easily found by hard-shelled shrimps and other fish or predators, thus avoiding The possibility of being eaten has increased the survival rate of soft-shelled shrimp. During the high temperature season, crayfish can be hidden by means of aquatic plants to achieve the effect of shading and cooling, reduce the number of burrowing points, and increase the catch rate.
(3) Water plants can purify water quality and improve sediment quality. Water plants can release a large amount of oxygen through the photosynthesis of plants, absorb the ammonia nitrogen, carbon dioxide, residual baits and some organic decomposition products continuously generated in water, keep the pH value in the range of neutral alkali, increase the transparency of the water, and play a role in purification and stability. The role of water quality. The residual bait is deposited at the bottom of the pool, and the water quality tends to become fat. This poses a great harm to the growth of crayfish and is more likely to cause shrimp disease. The water's own metabolic function can absorb ammonia nitrogen and inorganic salts in the sludge, and play a role in improving the shrimp pool bottom.
2. Major aquatic species Aquatic plants planted in crayfish culture ponds mainly include submerged plants, floating plants, and emerged plants. Generally, submerged plants and floating plants are mainly planted, and emergent plants are supplemented. The main varieties of submerged plants are: Elodea, Vallisneria, Valerian, Marais, Korotene, etc.; the main varieties of floating plants are: water peanuts, water hyacinth, water hyacinth, duckweed, etc.; The main varieties of water plants are: reeds, white peony, arrowhead, and cattail.
3. Planting requirements Crayfish breeding ponds Planting aquatic plants should adhere to the principle of “uniform distribution, variety collocation, and appropriate density†to meet the needs of crayfish habitat, feeding, growth, and reproduction. In the middle of the pond, it is planted in a well pattern. It is planted along the water line of the pool along the edge of the pond at a distance of 1 m. The planting position of the water can not be too dense to ensure the normal life of the lobster and the smooth passage of the swimming channel. The planting wheel is arranged in the center of the pond. Hydrilla verticillata and aquatic peanuts are suitable. It is better to plant Elodea and Vallisneria around the pond; the water cover density should be controlled at about 60% of the total area of ​​the shrimp pond. If too much water is to be removed manually, it should be supplemented in time.
4. Planting methods
(1) Interplanting method. Rotary black algae, Elodea and other stemmed plants are suitable for planting, and they are generally planted in winter and spring. The method is to cut the aquatic plants into small pieces, the length of which is 15-20 cm. Like the transplanting vines, evenly inserting a bunch of cut pieces of grass into the silt in the bottom of the pool. The strain and row spacing are respectively controlled at about 20 cm. After the insertion, the shrimp pond is filled with water 20-30 cm, and the water level is gradually deepened after the plants have covered the whole pool.
(2) Broadcasting method. The floating plants, such as rhinestones and water lilies, can be thrown into the pool directly after being wrapped with the soft mud so that the roots and stems can grow in the bottom mud and the leaves float on the water surface.
(3) Transplanting method. The emergent plants such as white peony and arrowhead should be rooted and transplanted. When transplanting, the injured leaves and slender inferior seedlings should be removed. The transplanting position can be at the shoal at the edge of the pool, and the root water of the seedlings should be between 10-20 cm. Density control is 30-50 667 square meters.
(4) Cultivation method. For water-pepper, water hyacinth, duckweed, and other floating plants, we can use bamboo rafts, straw ropes, etc. in the pool to create a “special zone†and carry out intensive cultivation to allow the aquatic plants to grow in the “special zone†environment. As shrimp pond water shortage when the supplement.
(5) sowing method. The most commonly used waterweed is Vallisneria. Vallisneria adopts sowing method and is suitable for shrimp ponds with less silt. First soak the seeds of water in water for 1 day, and then knead the soaked fruits, remove the fine seeds in the fruits, add about 10 times the amount of fine sand, mix with the seeds and sow. When sowing, the water level is controlled at 10-20 cm and the seeding rate is about 50 grams per 667 square meters. After sowing, it is necessary to strengthen management and increase the survival rate of Vallisneria so as to form an advantageous population as soon as possible.
Crayfish cultivation pond aquatic planting
1. The main role of aquatic plants