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I. Nectarine Fertilization Technology
Nectarine fertilization should be based on species, age, yield, growth potential, soil fertility, fertilizer types and other factors. In the soil with good fertility, the sapling period is dominated by basal fertilizers, and no nitrogen fertilizer is applied or applied to avoid leggy and delayed results. The adult tree is based on yield and growth potential. According to the practice, for every 2250 kg of fruit produced, apply 3000-5000 kg of organic fertiliser, apply 13.5-18 kg of effective nitrogen, 9-13.5 kg of phosphorus, and 22.5-55.5 kg of potassium. Strong trees use less nitrogen, weak trees and aging trees increase nitrogen fertilizers appropriately to restore tree vigor.
1. Basal fertilizers are generally applied during the fall dormancy period, the spring before germination, and during the fruit-setting period, and are mainly applied in autumn. Fertilizer accounts for 50% of the total. Peach roots can absorb nutrients and produce new roots at lower temperatures. When the local temperature rises to 5-7°C in the early spring, the roots can move and transport nutrients and water to the ground for growth. In the fall, beneficial organic fertilizers are transformed, and organic matter has sufficient time to decompose and supply nutrients. It is also beneficial to keep snow covered, increase ground temperature, and reduce draw and freeze damage. Fertilizer accounted for 15% of the total amount in the 25 days before sprouting, depending on the strength of the fruit tree. Fertilizers account for 35% of total fertilizers 15-25 days before fruit harvesting, supplement nutrients in time, and promote fruit enlargement.
Fertilizers are combined with delayed organic fertilizers and quick-acting fertilizers. Applying basal fertilizer can maintain the effect of fertilizer for 5-10 months. Basic fertilizer should generally account for 70-80% of the annual fertilization. Nectarine roots are shallow, and most of the distribution is within a depth of 20-50 cm. Therefore, the depth of fertilization should be in the range of 30-50 cm so that root damage cannot be achieved. Shallow fertilization tends to have a shallow root system, and changes in surface temperature and humidity can adversely affect root growth and absorption.
The fertilization methods include ring ditching, striping, and acupuncture. Ring groove is applied on the periphery of the crown, and a groove of a tree is opened. The depth of the groove is 30-50 cm, and the width of the groove is about 30 cm. The organic fertilizer is uniformly applied into the groove, and the soil fills the level. Articles are applied on the east and west sides of the tree or on both sides of the tree, and the strips are fertilized. However, the position needs to be changed every year in order to balance fertility. Acupoints are not digging trenches and digging pits, and their casting methods are similar. Apply as a ring groove.
2. The top-dressing basal fertilizer has a gentle effect. In order to meet the nutrients needed for growth and development, fertilizers are added at different stages of the results. Generally applied 2-3 times, the first application in the fruit period, with nitrogen as the main combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the top-dressing amount accounts for about 20-40% of the annual top-dressing amount; middle and late-maturing varieties must be carried out before the fruit hypertrophy period The second topdressing is generally carried out 20-30 days before picking, with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers as the main, but it must be noted that the nitrogen fertilizer should not be too much, otherwise it will stimulate the growth of new shoots, but it will form fruit before harvest and early maturing varieties can not be applied; The topdressing was applied three times after picking. The effect was to supplement the nutrients consumed by the results, increase the late assimilation, increase the accumulation of nutrients in the tree, and promote flower bud differentiation to improve quality. Nitrogen is mainly combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Very late-maturing varieties can be applied before harvesting, and early-maturing varieties should be applied early enough.
Second, the main lack of symptoms
The nitrogen-deficient leaves are yellowish-green and begin to fade from the old leaves, then to the young leaves, and finally to purple or red. The leaf tips become hard and fine, and the leaves become smaller.
Phosphorus-deficient young and nearby immature leaves are dark green, mature leaves are bronze or dark red, pale green markings appear between veins of old leaves, stems and petioles are purplish, new shoots are thinning, and the leaves are tongue-shaped. deformity.
The potassium-deficient leaves became less curled, yellowed, spotted, dead in leaf tissue, poorly differentiated stems, thinning stems, smaller fruit, poor coloration, and fruit drop before harvest.
Calcium-deficient leaves are dead, especially at the tip of the young leaves, tip, leaf margin or main vein, followed by the tip of the new leaves and stems, the root of the apex is dead.
The basal leaves of magnesium deficiency appear yellow-brown spots, and the damaged leaves gradually lead to defoliation at the new shoots. Finally, dense and thin dark green leaves remain at the tip of the new shoot, and the fruit becomes smaller.
In the early stage of boron depletion, veins are yellow, the leaves are still green, and the yellow leaves of the leaves are lost. The leaves fall off early, the veins are bent and burst, the leaves are abnormal, and the petioles and veins are easily broken.
The top of the zinc-deficient peach branches showed clustered leaflets, yellow-green or yellow-colored in the veins first, and red-purple-red spots appeared in some of the veins. The old leaves fell off when the tip of the leaf appeared dead leaves.
Third, nectarine fertilization type
Strengthen the production of nectarine without pollution, ensure the safety of agricultural products and foods, and play an important role in fighting for the market and competing with consumers. The nuisance-free production of nectarines mainly focuses on pesticides and fertilizers. Fertilizers should be selected from potassium sulfate-based compound fertilizers or special formula fertilizers for 40 kg per mu, which is the result of the announcement by the Hubei Provincial Department of Agriculture in 2011. Zhuangsheng Organic-inorganic Compound Fertilizer, Jinlu Brand, Heyuan Bioorganic Fertilizer, Jinnong Brand, Xinxin Organic Fertilizer, Amino Acid Organic Fertilizer, apply 30-35 kilograms per mu. It can not only ensure the nutrient demand of nectarine, but also increase sugar content, improve quality, and increase market competitiveness.
Nectarine soil testing formula fertilization technology
Nectarine has the characteristics of high yield and good efficiency, and it is suitable for planting on hilly slopes. It is one of the important measures for increasing agricultural efficiency and increasing farmers' income.