The demand for phosphate fertilizer in the early stage of sugarcane growth is relatively large, so the compound fertilizer with lower phosphorus content should not be used as the base fertilizer. Sugarcane is a chlorine-free crop. It is not advisable to use potassium chloride-based compound fertilizer in the base fertilizer to avoid burning seedlings and affecting the quality of sugarcane in the later stage. Cooperate with weeding in the field to reduce the consumption of nutrients by weeds. Sugar cane has a long growing period and high yield. Generally, it can produce 5-8 tons of sugarcane stems, and high-yield fields can reach 10 tons. The whole growth period absorbs more nutrients.

Sugar cane is an important sugar raw material. In China, sucrose accounts for 80% of the total sugar. Planting sugar cane has a higher light energy utilization rate and land productivity per unit area. Sugar cane is a more economically profitable crop than growing food crops. In particular, fruit cane, which is eaten as a fruit, generally has an economic income per unit area that is three times or more higher than that of sugar cane.

In the area of ​​about 5 tons per mu, the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed from the soil per ton of raw sugar cane are converted into 1.75~4.35 kg of urea, 1.95~8.35 kg of superphosphate, and 2.5~4.15 kg of potassium chloride.

The above-mentioned per ton of sugar cane absorbs the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from the soil, but the fertilizer that is applied can not be absorbed and utilized by the sugar cane. Some of the gasification is lost, some are lost with water, and some are soil. Some of the elements are fixed and lose their fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer needed to produce one ton of sugar cane is about one to two times more than the above. Sugarcane can be divided into seedling stage, tillering stage, elongation stage and process maturity stage.

Sugar cane absorbs nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 2:1:2.2. The uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the seedling stage accounted for 8%, 9% and 4% of the total growth during the whole growth period, respectively, accounting for 16%, 18% and 14% respectively in the tillering stage and 66% in the elongation period. 68%, 74%, to maturity accounted for 10%, 6%, 8%, respectively, that is, sugar cane should have sufficient nutrient supply in the early stage of growth, in order to promote root development, early tillering, multi-tillering, and increase the effective stem number of sugarcane. The middle stage of sugarcane growth (elongation period) is the obvious peak of absorption.

The middle stage of growth is the elongation stage of sugarcane stems. With the proliferation and continuous renewal of the head, leaves and roots, and the rapid elongation of the cane stems, the assimilation products gradually accumulate, and the absorption of fertilizers is greatly increased, accounting for the total needs of the whole period. More than 50% of the amount of fertilizer. During this period, temperature, rain and light were sufficient, and sugar cane had the highest utilization rate of light energy and nutrients. Therefore, the initial stage of elongation should be the key fertilization period, and the following principles should be mastered according to the growth of sugarcane:

1 Applying strong manure and applying heavy fertilizer. Zhuangjing fertilizer mainly uses quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer (urea, ammonium bicarbonate, etc.), which is more than strong seedling fertilizer, accounting for 15~20% of the total dosage: strong glutinous fertilizer combined with medium cultivating soil, and attacking fertilizer at the end of tillering to elongation Initial application, combined with large soil.

2 Add organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer can supplement soil humus, improve soil structure, continuously decompose and release soil nutrients, and continuously supply nutrients needed for sugarcane growth. Combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer can improve fertilizer utilization rate and promote mineralization decomposition of organic fertilizer. Achieve the effect of improving fertilizer efficiency and complementing.

3 early application of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied early, and it is best to apply it as a base fertilizer. If it cannot be used as a base fertilizer, it is generally required to apply it at the earliest stage.

One of the big crops. According to the study, for every 1000 kg of sugar cane grown, nitrogen (N) 1.5-2 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 1-1.5 kg, potassium oxide (K2O) 2-2.5 kg, calcium oxide (CaO) 0.5-0.75 are taken from the soil. kilogram. We divide the life of sugar cane into seedling stage, tillering stage, elongation stage and process maturity stage. The uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the seedling stage accounted for 8%, 9% and 4% of the total absorption during the whole growth period, respectively; the tillering period accounted for 16%, 18% and 14% respectively;

The elongation period was 66%, 68%, and 74%, respectively, and the maturity period was 10%, 6%, and 8%, respectively. It indicates that there should be sufficient nutrient supply in the early stage of sugarcane growth to promote root development, early tillering and multi-tillering, and increase the effective stem number of sugarcane. In the middle stage of sugarcane growth (elongation period), sugarcane grows rapidly and needs to absorb a large amount of nutrients, showing a significant peak of fertilizer absorption. At this time, the nutrient supply should be sufficient, otherwise it will directly affect the sugarcane production.

Second, fertilization technology

1, apply enough base fertilizer

The base fertilizer should be based on organic fertilizer, and it can be used together with chemical fertilizers to create good conditions for rapid growth of sugarcane buds, root elongation and tillering. Generally, 1500-2000 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to the acre, and 20-30 kg of general-purpose compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is used. When applied, spring planting cane planting ditch, applying organic fertilizer to the bottom of the ditch, and then applying inorganic fertilizer on both sides of the ditch; winter planting cane will cover the organic fertilizer, then add a layer of soil.

2, early application of seedlings

The sugarcane seedling stage requires less fertilizer but requires fertilizer, and the demand for nitrogen is large, followed by potassium and phosphorus. Early application of seedling fertilizer not only promotes the growth of sugarcane seedlings and roots, but also promotes the growth of leaves, so that the leaf area is continuously expanded, and the photosynthesis is increased, thereby promoting the early growth of tillers; if the application of fertilizer is insufficient, the growth of seedlings and pupa will be short, and dysplasia will occur. Even if the fertilizer is added later, it is difficult to recover, eventually leading to a decline in yield and quality.

It is recommended to use high-nitrogen compound fertilizer for seedling fertilizer. When the sugarcane seedling grows to 3-4 leaves, apply 8-10 kg of compound fertilizer per acre. When applying, it is advisable to combine the cultivating and cultivating soil directly into the hole, or apply it to the water hole. When it is dry, it should be applied to the water hole. In addition, it is necessary to check the lack of seedlings in time to make the group grow tidy.

3, steady application of attack fertilizer

The split fertilizer should be determined according to the specific situation. If the base fertilizer and the seedling fertilizer are sufficient, and the seedlings are strong, they can be applied once at the peak of the tillering period, and the amount of fertilizer should be less; if the base fertilizer is insufficient, the seedling fertilizer is not enough, and the seedlings are weak, the amount of fertilizer should be increased and applied twice. . At the beginning of the tillering, to promote the tillering, called attacking manure.

Once applied at the peak of the tillering period, it is guaranteed to be strong and strong. The tiller fertilizer is generally applied with high-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer, and the application of 8-15 kg per mu is the same as that of the seedling fertilizer, and the soil is 10-12 cm high.

4, re-application of fertilizer

The attacking stem fertilizer is the key to increasing sugarcane production. It must be re-applied. The main fertilizer is applied to the nitrogen fertilizer. Generally, it is applied twice in the initial stage of elongation and the peak of elongation. Each time, 15-20 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and combined with cultivating large-scale soil to promote the growth of sugarcane root, enhance absorption function and enhance anti-backforce. If the early stage of phosphorus and potassium is insufficient, it should be supplemented so that it can achieve the maximum growth without reducing the sugar content and yield due to excessive nitrogen fertilizer.

5, supplement the tail fertilizer

In order to promote and maintain the late growth, it is conducive to raising the cane buds in the lower part of the earth, and to lay a good foundation for the roots of the next year, it should be supplemented with a strong tail fertilizer. Generally, about 5-8 kg of compound fertilizer per mu is used in about two months before maturity. The application time should not be too late, and the dosage should not be too much, so as to avoid delaying maturation and lowering the sugar content, and then applying the soil after application. If there is a phenomenon of de-fertilization in the first month before harvest, it is necessary to carry out foliar spray fertilizer, using potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4 per mu, mixing 0.5 kg of urea with 100 kg of water and spraying.

Fertilization points

1. When topdressing, it is necessary to combine cultivating and cultivating soil, fertilizing and covering soil to prevent fertilizer loss.

2. According to the growth of the seedlings, adjust the amount of fertilizer.

3. The effect of topdressing after rain is better.

This article URL: How to apply fertilizer in sugar cane cultivation in Guangxi can increase the yield of sugarcane

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