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I. New problems facing prevention and control work
In 2007, rice pests and diseases such as rice leaffolders and rice planthoppers were intensive and heavy. Among them, rice leaffolders occurred in the Yangtze River basin, Jianghuai, southwestern China, and southern China, and occurred in the past 10 years. Years pose a serious threat to rice production. In accordance with the unified deployment of the Ministry of Agriculture, the major producing provinces of rice have carefully organized prevention and control actions, and the momentum of the occurrence of rice leaffolders has been effectively curbed. According to statistics, the total area of ​​prevention and control was 580 million mu, an increase of 150 million mu times over the previous year, and the loss of rice was 9.78 million tons, 4 million tons more than last year. Delegates felt that despite the remarkable prevention and control of rice leaf roller, there are still some problems:
First, the occurrence of pests is increasing. In 2007, the area of ​​rice leaffolders nationwide was 390 million mu, which was an increase of 127 million mu (47%) over 2006, of which the large-scale area reached 170 million mu. The occurrence characteristics are: wide range of occurrence, large area, early arrival, high peak times, large moths, high density of field worms, and long duration of damage, occurring more than in the same period of 2003, field natural hazards The rate is around 50%, up to 90%. According to preliminary calculations, the nation’s rice loss caused by rice leaf curlers is 850,000 tons.
Second, it is difficult for farmers to master control methods. The suitable period of control for rice leaf roller is from egg hatching to young larvae stage. Because the rice farmer can not master the key technologies of field investigation and control, lack knowledge of pests and natural enemies, it often misses the best period of prevention and cure, combined with insufficient technology and water spray volume. Small, inappropriate application methods, and improper varieties of drugs affect the control effect.
The third is excessive dependence on chemical pesticides, and the negative impact is serious. In recent years, due to insufficient support for comprehensive prevention and control technologies such as biological control and physical control and farmers' training, the phenomenon of simple and over-reliance on chemical pesticides is widespread in production. The number of pesticides used is large, and the dosage is large. In addition, the supervision of pesticides is weak. Extensive use of fipronil in local areas and even the use of pyrethroid pesticides that are banned by the State have resulted in the destruction of biodiversity in paddy fields.
Second, the new progress made in the prevention and control technology integration demonstration
In 2007, the National Agricultural Technology Center established 18 demonstration areas for integrated control of rice pests and diseases in 18 provinces, and carried out experimental demonstrations and promotion of biological control, physical trapping, and the application of high-efficiency and low-toxicity chemical pesticides to control rice leaf roller. Twenty-five counties in 11 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) including Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hainan, Shanghai, Guangdong, and Yunnan have conducted trials and demonstrations of the new agent Promfenofos against rice leaf roller. Technical training has made good progress.
The first is to promote comprehensive prevention and control technologies and improve the ecological environment of rice fields. In the demonstration area of ​​Juchao City, Anhui Province, a biological pesticide Bt. preparation was used to control the rice leaf roller. The average insecticidal effect of 4 generations of rice leaf roller was 85.71%, and the leaf protection effect was 85.14%. The total amount is 8350 heads per hundred bunches, which is 36% higher than that in the non-demonstration areas. The ecological balance of the rice fields in the demonstration area has enhanced natural control of rice planthoppers and other pests. The Jianyang Demonstration Zone in Fujian Province was used to seduce pests such as rice leaf roller and other pests. Surveys showed that the number of larvae in the non-light-controlled area was 19,455, and the light control area was 4,720, which was only non-lamps. 24% of the controlled areas also have certain control effects on locusts, rice planthoppers and other pests. The cost of prevention and control is only 41% of chemical control, which not only effectively controls the hazards, but also reduces the use of chemical pesticides and protects the ecology of rice fields. Improve the quality of agricultural products.
The second is that the new agent, profenofos, has a prominent control effect and is expected to replace conventional agents with high environmental risks. Comprehensive analysis of data from several experimental demonstration sites shows that 40% Profenofos EC has good control effect on rice leaf roller, 80-100 g of preparation constant per acre between the peak of egg hatching and the peak period of young instar larvae. Or mist spray, the control effect on young instar larvae of rice leaf roller can reach 90% or more, and the control effect on rice planthoppers is more than 95%. At the same time, it can also treat other rice pests such as pupa, and the overall control effect is generally better than Currently used in the production of pharmaceutical species, and the safety of crops, is expected to replace the traditional varieties of high-risk environmental agents. In 2007, the technicians and rice farmers conducted technical training on Propofos against rice leaf roller in the pilot demonstration site, which enabled this technology to be rapidly promoted. Promud Bromine in provinces (cities) such as Hunan, Anhui, Shanghai and Jiangxi Phosphorus has become the first choice for the control of rice leaf roller, and its large-scale application effect has been recognized by the majority of rice farmers and grass-roots technicians.
Third, the new task of demonstration and promotion of prevention and control technology is affected by factors such as climate, cultivation methods, and ecological environment. In 2008, the rice leaffolder is still re-emerging, and the prevention and control tasks will reach about 400 million mu. In order to improve the effectiveness of prevention and control, reduce the negative impact of disaster risks and traditional methods of prevention and control, and ensure the safety of rice production, we must focus on the following aspects:
The first is to expand the demonstration scale of comprehensive prevention and control technologies. Strengthen ecological regulation, physical control, and demonstration and application of new pesticide application technologies, and strive to cover more rice crucibles in the demonstration area. At the same time, strengthen the training of farmers and grassroots technicians and the demonstration of integrated defense technologies in demonstration areas. Accelerate the dissemination and popularization of comprehensive defense technology and ensure scientific prevention and control.
The second is to accelerate the demonstration and promotion of biological control technologies. Biological control is an important measure to solve the ecological deterioration and continuous outbreak of pests in paddy fields. Prevention and control of rice leaf roller must promote and demonstrate biological pesticides such as Bt. preparations and artificial release of natural enemies Trichogramma and other biological control technologies to effectively control pests. Injury will also protect the ecology of paddy fields, reduce the risk of other insect pests such as rice planthoppers, and effectively promote “green†prevention and control.
The third is to strengthen the development and promotion of new pharmaceutical application technologies. Based on the trial and demonstration work in 2007, it is necessary to further study the application of propofol in the field of controlling rice leaffolders, such as the impact on non-target organisms and the role of other major pests in rice, and improve their field application technology. . At the same time, propofol is used as an alternative agent for traditional pharmaceutical varieties to speed up its popularization and application in production, and effectively prevent and control safety.
The promotion of new technologies for prevention and control of rice leaf roller leafhopper urgently needs to be strengthened
In order to summarize the experience of the 2007 prevention and control demonstration and promotion of rice leaf roller technology, and to discuss the prevention and control technology of rice leaf roller, the National Agricultural Technology Center organized the national rice volume volume in Guangzhou on December 19-20, 2007. Ye Yu prevention and treatment technology seminar. Fifty-nine representatives from the Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Yunnan, Shanghai, Sichuan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Hainan Province (district, city) plant protection station (agricultural technology center) and pilot demonstration base counties Attending the meeting. The meeting exchanged information on the prevention and control of the rice leaffolder in 2007, summed up the experiences in the prevention and control of new technologies, demonstrations, application and promotion, and clarified the ideas for the demonstration and promotion of the next experiment.