The farmers in Menghai Town, Heze, Dingtao, said that the iron yam they planted this year not only did not grow into an “iron bar”, but looked like a “buddhist” instead. What is the reason for this? The yam planting technology experts from the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the local Bureau of Agriculture have given detailed answers.

According to the readers of Dingtao, on October 19, 2011, we invited experts from the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences for fertilizer and crop cultivation and yam cultivation and management in Heze City to Menghai Town, Dingtao County to see the bifurcation of local yam. An on-site inspection was conducted and a detailed survey of farmers' fertilization and cultivation was conducted.

The Cui Rongzong, a researcher at the Provincial Institute of Agricultural Sciences Research Institute of Soil and Natural Resources, also collected soil samples on the spot and brought it back to the laboratory for testing. Dr. Li Aixian of the Crop Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Wu Feng, the vegetable station manager of Shan County Agriculture Bureau, talked with the yam growers to learn more about farmers' planting and management, and examined the local soil and cultivation conditions on the site.

Various reasons can cause bifurcation

Dr. Li Aixian of the Crop Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences told the peasants that the destruction of the growing point of yam during the growth process will cause the internal structure of the yam to change and cause bifurcation. Simply put, all factors that can destroy the growth point can cause yam bifurcation.

There are many reasons for the formation of bifurcations. One of the main causes is the improper use of herbicides and swelling agents, inhibition of growth points, and bifurcation. The second is high temperature and drought in summer, soil temperature is too high, and the burning point of growth causes bifurcation. The third is wrong watering time. Watering at noon (11 o'clock to 15 o'clock) on a sunny day in summer, the soil temperature rapidly decreases, which will damage the growing point and form a bifurcation. The fourth is the application of unripe organic fertilizer, because it produces heat in the field fermentation, damage the yam growth point, the formation of bifurcation. In addition, if the fertilizer before planting is not fully mixed with the soil, the plant is directly contacted with the chemical fertilizer, and the growing point is burned out. In addition, underground pests may bite on food and cut off growth points, causing bifurcation.

Excavate yam field to see a doctor

At the scene, the experts conducted on-site harvesting of yams that were farmed by Nanfu Cattle and Pengpeng, and examined the growth of yam that had been excavated. The yam tubers in the Niu Zuo Nan family had a bifurcation phenomenon. The yam of the Niu Zuo Peng family developed normally, and there was no bifurcation in the tubers. According to Niu Zuonan, the yam of his family was fertilized three times. The first basal fertilizer was applied with 4 bags of 16:8:18 compound fertilizer per mu and 160 kg, and the amount of soil miscellaneous fertilizer (poultry manure) was unknown. The second fertilization was applied 22 : 9 kg of compound fertilizer at 9:9, 50 kg of compound fertilizer at 22:9:9 for the third fertilization, and commodity organic fertilizer (in an unknown quantity); fertilizer and fertilizer used per mu: N, 47.6 kg , P2O5 21.8 kg, K2O 37.8 kg.

According to Niu Zuopeng, his home is 2.2 acres of yam field, the first time a total of 300 kg of calcium superphosphate, 50 kg of urea, 75 kg of diammonium phosphate, 50 kg of potassium sulfate, and the amount of soil miscellaneous fertilizer (rabbit) are not known. The second application of fertilizer is topdressing 80 kg of compound fertilizer at 16:8:18, and the third application of fertilizer is 50 kg of compound fertilizer at 15:15:15. Apply chemical fertilizers and nutrient allowances per mu: N, 25.9 kg, P2O5 38.4 kg, K2O 21.3 kg.

The above fertilization data are calculated according to the farmers' own memories. Since the farmers generally do not measure the fertilization, they may differ from the actual fertilization amount, especially the soil miscellaneous fertilizer and organic fertilizer consumption data are more difficult to calculate exactly.

We collected soil samples from the Shanyao farm of Niuzangnan (representing bifurcation Shan Yao Tian) and Niu Zaipeng (representing normal Shan Yao Tien) according to sampling specifications. We conducted laboratory analysis of several major components that may affect the growth of yam. See the table above.

From the perspective of fertilization of fertilizers by two households, the N and K fertilizer application rates of Niuzuo South were higher by 21.8 and 16.5 kg/mu than that of Niujuan Pengjia Yam Field respectively, and the use of phosphate fertilizer was lower by 16.6 kg/mu.

From the results of soil analysis of the soil samples brought back from the site, the soil salinity and pH values ​​of the two households were basically the same, and chloride ions were not detected, indicating that these soil barrier factors were not the cause of the yam bifurcation. From the results of soil nutrient content analysis, Niuzhuo Nanshan medicinal field has higher hydrolysis nitrogen than Niu Chuanpeng, and the content of P and K is lower than Niu Zuopeng. However, the difference in these nutrient contents is not so great that it will not lead to yam bifurcation.

Niangzuo Nan and Niu Zuopeng are both sandy loam soils with deep soil and loose soil. They are soil types suitable for yam cultivation, and there are no obstacles to the growth of yam. Therefore, based on field surveys, fertilization surveys, and soil test results, it can be shown that yam bifurcation is not due to fertilization and soil causes.

Dr. Li Aixian also reminded farmers and friends that they should select appropriate amounts of herbicides, swelling agents and pesticides suitable for application on yam, and should not blindly use drugs or arbitrarily increase the dose. In addition, avoid watering during the hottest hours in summer. The second is the appropriate use of chemical fertilizers, and do not apply directly in the planting trenches; apply organic fertilizers that are decomposed. The third is to prevent and treat diseases and pests, use crop rotations, yam cultivation, rejuvenation, and spraying pesticides to reduce pests and diseases.

The weather is the main cause

Wu Feng, a county agriculture bureau in Heze City, is an expert in the cultivation of yam. He believes that the causes of the yam bifurcation are many, and germplasm, soil quality, weather, plant management, etc. may all cause this phenomenon.

The yam area in Heze Prefecture has a large area of ​​planting, a long history, and rich planting experience. It has been relatively mature in cultivation techniques. In this context, he believes that the main reason for the emergence of yam bifurcation in Heze City this year over the previous years should be attributed to the dry and dry weather. There was no rain and snow in the winter of 2010. The drought throughout the winter, combined with no rain this spring, further aggravated the drought. When the growers apply the fertilizer into the soil, due to low soil moisture, the yam can easily burn roots in the early stage of growth; in spring there is little rain and snow, the ground temperature is too high, the watering is not timely, and the yam growth points are further damaged, and the yam can not be properly differentiated; In the late growth period, there is more rain and new roots grow, stimulating the differentiation of multiple growth points to form a bifurcation.

In view of this year's situation, the experts suggest that the majority of growers should focus on preventing the occurrence of bifurcation through the enhancement of fertilizer and water management in the future cultivation process. First, when soil moisture is poor, the land should be properly irrigated with water in the early spring to make up for the water. Second, it is necessary to pay attention to reasonable collocation, balanced fertilization, and more application of organic fertilizer during fertilization, and appropriate addition of high-tech biological bacterial fertilizer to improve the soil environment.

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