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1. Downy Mildew The disease is a major disease in the current production of lettuce. It mainly infects the leaves. After the onset of the disease, the seedlings turn yellow and die, and the adult stage begins, and the leaves develop from the bottom up. At the beginning of the period, yellowish-yellow subrounded or polygonal lesions appeared on the leaves. When the damp spots appeared, white moldy leaves grew, and sometimes the moldy layer could spread to the front of the leaves. The late lesions turn into yellow-brown and connect into pieces, causing the whole leaves to dry, and sometimes the bacteria can infect the stems and cause the stems to become dark.
1. Control of agricultural measures: Field plants are cultivated 2 to 3 times before mulching. The watering stage is early and late, the number of watering times is reduced after the plants are ridged, the field moisture is reduced, the field water accumulation is prevented, the plant growth is promoted, and the development of the germs is inhibited. Observe in time, find out the condition early, remove the diseased leaf and burn it, especially remove the old leaves from the lower part to increase the permeability.
2. Chemical control: Prophylactic spraying before onset can be sprayed with 600-800 times liquid M-45 or 56% backing 600-700 times. At the beginning of the onset, once every 7 to 10 days, the drug is used to prevent and cure once, and 72% Kelu 800 times liquid, Jin Lei Duo Mier 600 to 800 times liquid, and 10% Shi Jie water dispersible granules may be sprayed 1,000 times. When severe, 72% DuPont Kelu 600-800 times solution, 85% metalaxyl MnZn wettable powder 500 times solution, 40% Phytomycin WP 700 times solution spray, alternate rotation, every 7～ 10 times a day, continuous spraying 2 or 3 times, can effectively control lettuce downy mildew.
Second, black spot disease, also known as ring disease or leaf blight, the disease mainly damage the leaves. The typical symptom is the formation of round or near-circular brown patches on the leaves, 3 to 15 mm in diameter, with concentric rims, and black molds on the back of the lesion when wet. The disease is spread by wind and rain, warm and rainy, long time for dew condensation, lack of fertility, and plant weakness.
1. Agricultural measures Prevention and control: Strengthen cultivation management, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Rotation is carried out to remove old, sick and leaves in time.
2. Chemical control: 50% Pouhai solid WP 1500x, 40% Captan WP 400x, and 10% GSW 1000x should be used in the initial stage of disease. 7 days Spray 1 time, spray 2 or 3 times.
Third, Sclerotinia disease from the stem base of the disease, and gradually extended upward and downward, causing skin rot. The surface of the lesions were cotton-like hyphae with black murine bacillus nucleus inside, and the upper part of the diseased plants quickly wilted and died. The pathogens spread through the wind and rain and invade from the senescent parts of plants. They are low-temperature, moist and dense and can promote disease.
1. Agricultural measures Prevention and control: The use of summer high temperature season for soil disinfection, the method is to clean the garden, the lime per acre 50 to 100 kg, plus broken straw or wheat straw deep turning, water irrigation film, can kill sclerotia; reasonable Fertilizer, basal fertilizer applied to fully compost compost, to avoid partial nitrogen fertilizer, increase phosphorus, potassium fertilizer; ground cultivation and weeding, timely removal of diseased plants and the lower diseased leaves; after a deep ploughing after harvest, so that most sclerotia buried in 6 cm Below the soil layer.
2. Chemical control: spraying before the onset of colonization, commonly used agents are 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 700 times, 50% urea urea wettable powder 1000 ～ 1500 times, 50% ketonic Wetability Powder 1500 times liquid, 40% sclerotin net wettable powder 500 times liquid, spraying once every 7 to 10 days, continuous control 3 to 4 times.
Pay attention to check the disease of autumn lettuce
This year's autumn lettuce disease generally occurs more emphasis on the next stage with the arrival of anaesthesia of autumn lettuce, the temperature difference between day and night temperature, dew more, suitable for the occurrence of disease damage. It is hoped that the farmers' friends will pay attention to checking the condition, timely taking medications, and controlling the occurrence of diseases.