Soilless culture medium will accumulate pathogens and eggs after prolonged use, especially under continuous cropping conditions. Therefore, after each crop is harvested, the substrate must be sterilized before the next use.

The most common methods of substrate disinfection are steam sterilization and chemical disinfection.

First, steam sterilization. This method is simple, affordable, safe and reliable. All steam heated in greenhouse conditions can be steam sterilized. The method is to put the matrix into the cabinet or inside the box (volume 1-2 cubic meters) and ventilate it with steam through a vent pipe. Generally at 70-90 °C for 15-30 minutes.

Second, chemical disinfection. Chemicals used include formaldehyde, methyl bromide (Methyl bromide), Wei Bai Mu, bleach and so on.

1,40% Formaldehyde

Also known as formalin, it is a good fungicide, but it is less effective against pests. When used, it is usually diluted with water to 40-50 times, and then the substrate is sprayed with 20-40 liters of water per square meter, and the substrate is uniformly wetted. After spraying, the plastic film is used to cover more than 24 hours. Before removing the film, allow the substrate to air dry for about two weeks to eliminate residual drug hazards.

2, chloropicrin

The medicament is a liquid and can effectively control nematodes, insects, some weed seeds, and resistant fungi. Generally, the substrate is stacked neatly in a thickness of 30 cm, and then 3-5 ml of chloropicrin solution is injected into the matrix at a depth of 15 cm every 20-30 cm, and the injection hole is immediately blocked. After one layer of matrix has been released, a layer of matrix with the same thickness is placed on the top of the matrix and the drug is dispensed. This is repeated. A total of 2-3 layers are covered, and finally the plastic film is covered, so that the matrix is ​​fumigated at 15-20 DEG C. 7 -10 days. The substrate should be air-dried for 7-8 days before use to prevent damage to the crop during direct use.

Chlorine chloride has a toxic effect on living plant tissues and humans, and it must be used with safety.

3, methyl bromide

This agent is effective in killing most nematodes, insects, weed seeds and some fungi. When used, the substrate is piled up, and then the liquid is sprayed onto the substrate with a plastic tube and mixed. The amount is generally 100-200 grams per cubic meter of the substrate. After mixing, seal with a film for 2-5 days, and dry for 2-3 days before use.

Methyl bromide is toxic and should be used with care.

4, Weibai Mu

Weibai Mu is a water-soluble fumigant that kills nematodes, weeds and certain fungi. When used, 1 litre Weibai Mu is diluted with 10-15 liters of water, then sprayed on the surface of 10 square meters of substrate, applied and sealed, and can be used after half a month.

5, bleach (sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite)

The disinfectant is particularly suitable for gravel, sand disinfection. Generally in the pool prepared 0.3-1% of the liquid (effective chlorine content), soak the substrate for more than half an hour, and finally rinse with water to eliminate residual chlorine. This method is simple and quick and can be completed in a short time. Hypochlorous acid can also be used as a substrate disinfectant instead of bleach.

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