In recent years, the success rate of prawn breeding in Tongtan earthen ponds has been unsatisfactory, and closed culturing models such as greenhouses, sheds and factories have become more and more popular. The winter shed shrimp breeding time in the southern region is not short, and there is always a rule that winter shed shrimp farming can make large profits as long as it is successful. In fact, shrimp cultivation in winter sheds in Guangdong and other places is not always easy to make money. There are also cultivating and rearing ponds. Because of the constant breeding methods of winter shed shrimp farmers and the different weather conditions each year, they want to succeed almost year after year. It is impossible to complete the task.

The winter sheds of film-laying ponds are similar to shrimp culturing in the winter sheds and shrimp ponds in the earthen ponds. When and how to construct and shed sheds, heat preservation, ventilation, etc. are all common, and there is a problem that photosynthesis is relatively low and the water temperature is relatively low. Compared with the winter shed and the earthen pond in the film-laying pool, the bottom of the film-laying pool still lacks the sediment like the earthen pond as a zooplankton nutrient bank for algae, so the winter shed culture of the film-laying pond has different management characteristics from the earth pond.

Algae maintenance

Algae in aquaculture ponds are not only the main body for providing dissolved oxygen for aquaculture water bodies, but also one of the main body of the nitrogen cycle of the aquaculture water bodies. The living conditions of algae will directly affect the quality of aquaculture water bodies. Therefore, it is very important to maintain the success rate of aquaculture in winter when it is necessary to maintain a pool of algae in a film-covered winter shed where the photosynthetic activity is low, the water temperature is low, and the lack of algal nutrients and other unfavorable factors.

The first thing to do is to make sure that bacteria do not have a direct relationship to the propagation and growth of algae (of course, some microorganisms can directly interfere with the physiology of unicellular algae). The general relationship between bacteria and algae is the upper and lower part of the biological chain. Algae is Living on the decomposition of microorganisms or algae and microorganisms is a pair of nutritional competitors. At low water temperatures, the decomposition efficiency of microorganisms will be relatively low, and in environments with relatively low photosynthetic potential, algae in water bodies are relatively weak either in nutrient sources or in their ability to synthesize themselves. Therefore, in the winter shed breeding management, to do the following:

Do not abuse disinfectants that have obvious algicidal effects

The filming pool winter sheds are generally located in seawater areas and need to prevent the proliferation of Vibrio. When it is necessary to disinfect, it can use water-soluble allicin to spill regularly to control the proliferation of Vibrio.

Allicin has been proved to have a clear and good effect in inhibiting Vibrio. Its greatest advantage is that allicin does not harm algae, and more importantly, allicin has a lure function for shrimp. Therefore, the use of allicin as a disinfectant for the suppression of Vibrio in the winter shed filming pool has its obvious advantages. The premise is that aquaculture uses drugs by spilling and spraying. This medicine must be water-soluble, otherwise it will not be able to achieve its intended effect. Therefore, the emphasis here is on water-soluble allicin.

For other biological disinfection methods, it is recommended that farmers should do some evaluation at the pond and then use it. The evaluation method is very simple. It is to make a bacteriostatic ring in the Vibrio Petri dish and see the size of the bacteriostatic ring.

Reasonable increase in water-soluble algae nutrients

Due to the low water temperature of the winter shed, the ability of microorganisms to decompose organic matter will be relatively inferior to the open-air pool in the summer, so the supply of algae nutrients will be relatively low; coupled with weak photosynthesis, it is easy to cause algae malnutrition sometimes, see the algae Yellow, vitality, serious emergence of algae. Therefore, artificially adding algae nutrients will contribute to the maintenance of the algae. The added algae nutrient is preferably a nutrient whose molecular weight is small relative to peptides and which algae can directly absorb. The operation is best performed on a sunny day.

Artificial algae for ponds as needed

Artificial algae is a relatively innovative technology. After filtering and collecting chlorella, it increases the density of algae per unit volume, and then mixes the high-density algae with artificial active sludge containing the corresponding algae nutrition and a certain humidity. To make algae keep life conditions, but also lack of normal metabolism, a large number of breeding environments, open the package and add water and culture medium can be spread or diluted with water can be spilled into the pond. Overcoming the shortcomings of the current market, liquid algae seeds are easily precipitated or even deteriorated, and their shelf life is short.

Pay attention to ventilation, when the weather is good, open the winter shed door ventilation properly, so that the transparency of the shed, the air is relatively fresh.

Water quality maintenance

Maintaining certain transparency of water quality: Some farmers believe that the strong concentration of water culture can usually counter the adverse factors such as low water temperature or rainy days. This may be debatable because aquaculture cannot face eternal climate conditions, so responding to the changing climate with constant water conditions does not meet the conditions of aquaculture. Usually maintain a certain degree of transparency of the water, too thick to spill the pond to control the body's water-saving fertilizer, too clear the source of algae can be dissolved in water after the spill, in order to improve the nutrients of the algae.

Reasonable use of microorganisms: The metabolic purification of water pollutants can not be separated from microorganisms. The breeding density is relatively low, and the amount of feed is not large. Microorganisms in the pond can fully assume the role of purifying the water body. However, in high-density cultured winter shed membrane pools, the rational use of microorganisms is a very good improvement of pond water purification. means.

First, do not abuse microbiological agents at low water temperatures to avoid unpredictable sudden changes in water quality. More often than not, the farmers will not consider the factors such as the water temperature and the degree of eutrophication of the water as soon as they see the color is not good, and they will immediately become infected.

When the water temperature rises, the water and the microorganisms in the bottom will recover from spores or dormancy. If the water temperature is not low enough to control the feed, or if you are accustomed to using large amounts of spore-like substances and bacteria at low water temperatures, once the water temperature rises, these bacteria will have the opportunity and conditions to use the previously accumulated nutrients and residual baits. Dividing rapidly, a large amount of oxygen will be consumed at this time, and a large amount of small molecules of nitrogen and substances and even harmful gases will be decomposed, and the water quality will be difficult to control.

The second is to use microorganisms in a rational way to reduce the oxygen consumption of microorganisms in water bodies, especially ponds, and self-regulate the release of microorganisms. This measure is to fix the microorganisms on the oxygen-rich pool water layer, allowing the microorganisms to be metabolized in the most oxygen-enriched environment of the pond. This may have a greater advantage in the winter shed and indoor shrimp culture, and purify the pond water quality. Maintenance has greater advantages.

Reasonable feeding: Reasonable feeding is in fact the control of the material. When the water temperature is too low, the material is controlled. When the water temperature is reduced to about 20°C, the amount of feed is properly controlled, and the feed temperature is kept below 16°C. Reasonable feeding is a key point in winter shed breeding. Reasonable feeding avoids the accumulation of excessive organic matter at the bottom, which leaves a good indication of deterioration of water quality during warming.

Anomalous algae: At present, most of the cultured areas may be in a rainy season before the Ching Ming period from November to next year. External water sources may be more eutrophic, and in a relatively warm and relatively poor photosynthesis environment, there are Phototrophs, protuberances with active ingestion, and dinoflagellates are prone to flooding (the presence of algae and dinoflagellates may cause abnormalities such as digestive tracts in shrimp).

For areas where external water sources are more eutrophic and prone to breeding of eutrophic algae and dinoflagellates, they can be disinfected after using pond ecology in the reservoir. This measure will significantly reduce the probability of algae and dinoflagellate flooding in ponds.

Moss and Prevention: The first is to maintain a reasonable transparency of the water, so that the sun as much as possible not to the depths of the pond. The second is the discovery of a little moss on the edge of the pond. Immediately the water is drained to expose the moss. After the ecological dilution, the pond is sprayed on the moss. After half an hour, the yellowish moss can remain in place. When the moss has spread to the depths, the diluted pond ecology is sprayed on the moss.

When the bottom is slippery, you can use Sadikon. Do not use the decontamination agent or flocculant (such as polyaluminum chloride) as a base change and water transfer product. These products will obviously harm algae and increase the burden on the bottom.

Prevention of biological diseases

Winter shed shrimp breeding is mainly faced with white spot syndrome, red body and other viral infectious diseases. Therefore, the focus of biological disease prevention in the winter shed culture process:

Improve vitality: maintain good water quality, water temperature is too low, when the prawns vitality is low when spilled 211, do not abuse drugs.

Nursing is good for each shell change: winter shed breeding should be done every time the shell care, because shelling does not kill or shelling will not induce other diseases. There are two processes for the shell change of shrimp, one is to get out and one is to go back. The process of escaping shrimp shells is mainly controlled by the secretion of prawn capsin, which is not related to other nutrients in the water. In the process of taking off, it is not advocated that a large amount of calcium is added to the nutrient before the shell is replaced, and calcium is used excessively, but the shell of the shrimp is not taken off.

The main nursing work during the shell replacement period: A. The sensitive period of the shell replacement is usually the first day, the fifteenth, the eighth and the thirteenth. These days are not very necessary. Disinfectants, insecticides and other irritating things It is best not to use it. If the water temperature is relatively low, or the water temperature suddenly rises from low to high, there is a relatively large recovery, it is necessary to take artificial methods, splash shell shell can stimulate shrimp shell fruit as soon as possible to secrete out, while spilling 211 to improve shrimp vitality. B, usually pay attention to feed nutrition, as far as possible feeding better quality feed. C, shrimp shelling need to have better dissolved oxygen, the day before shelling, splash shell can maintain water permeability. D. If the body is full of shells, spill 211 to improve the performance of the shrimp. Change the shell, and then add calcium.

Do a good job every time you turn to cloudy, cold and hot:

Every low temperature and high temperature in the winter shed culture, and each time it turns cloudy, is the key point for the management of shrimp prawn in the winter shed. Many winter shed breeding accidents often appear in the turning point of warmer temperatures and cloudy weather.

Every time the temperature warms up and the climate turns cloudy, the water quality of the breeding pond will produce the following reaction:

First, organic matter accumulated in the low-temperature period appears to increase suddenly under the action of resuscitated microorganisms, resulting in sudden deterioration of water quality, marked increase in oxygen consumption in water, and marked deterioration of harmful indicators of water (mainly nitrite, etc.). high.

The second is that the insulation effect of the winter shed leads to the amplification of weather changes in the shed. The temperature change in the shed is significantly higher than the change in the climate. The increase in the water temperature is significantly faster than the speed of the climate, causing long-term low-temperature shrimp may be concentrated. A large number of shell changes, and long-term low water temperature, eating less than the prawns fitness may be insufficient storage, will have a phenomenon of stealing.

Third, the water temperature warms up, the microbial activity of the bottom mud or the bottom membrane becomes faster, and the accumulation of feed and other pollution, the bottom mud or bottom film is very easy to become slippery or the bottom mud is black and smelly. Normally reasonable control of the material, when the water temperature is lower than 20 °C, reasonable control of feed to avoid the accumulation of large amounts of organic matter at the bottom; water temperature below 16 °C see the situation of feeding or greatly reducing materials. Sometimes, at 16°C, we can see the phenomenon of eating too much at the high level pool. This kind of water temperature is very close to the color of the manure of the shrimp and the color of the feed, so we need to control the material. Once the bottom of the feed table is slippery and the feed table is drained, target Sadikon is immediately targeted, and if the water has a smell, it will spill over the pond ecology. Rational use of microbial agents, through the use of methods to change the use of microorganisms to overcome the microbial oxygen consumption, anaerobic metabolite accumulation of shortcomings. Winter shed cultivation and maintenance of the bottom, usually can use enough oxygen, use of live, to improve the bottom, while maintaining the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water, with caution flocculant-containing water transfer, to change the end of the product. After warming up, the amount of feed should be gradually increased, and the ventilation of the winter shed should be appropriately strengthened and even ventilated in the shed.

Nitrite is high

The high nitrite content is a common problem in winter culture. Nitrates 0.2ppm sometimes have a significant effect on the shelling of seawater shrimp culture, so do not take nitrites lightly.

There are many reasons for the increase of nitrite in winter sheds, but in summary, there are less sunshine in winter sheds, inactive algae in winter, and slow nitrogen cycle in water. The reason why the nitrogen accumulation in pool water is also caused by the decrease of water-replacement volume for maintaining water temperature The nitration process is also slow at low water temperatures. All this is the reason why nitrite easily increases. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of elevated nitrous acid is a comprehensive management problem for aquaculture.

The nitrification process of water temperature is inhibited, and it may be difficult to achieve the desired effect using related microorganisms such as nitrification. Therefore, microorganisms are not the preferred choice for the prevention and treatment of nitrite in general winter or winter sheds. The chemical treatment scheme is the best policy. Although the chemical reaction will be slightly slower due to the low water temperature, the reaction is still very clear. One molecule of nitrite can become a molecule of insoluble salt precipitate. The disadvantage is that if the concentration of nitrite in water is high When you use it, you have to increase it.

Specific prevention methods: reasonable feeding, when the water temperature is low, less feeding or even stopping the material, instead of scattering 211; when the water is relatively concentrated, reducing the feeding, while spilling pond ecology, passivation of the organic matter of the water into inert, difficult to decompose the material; When there is little sunshine, regular oxygenates are scattered every night to reduce the metabolism of anaerobic. If there is a synovial membrane at the bottom and water has a smell, you can use Di Kang. If necessary, artificial algae can be added to the pond to strengthen the pond. Nitrogen cycle; suspended in the pond house, so that microorganisms in the relatively high water temperature, dissolved oxygen is relatively high on the surface of the pond aerobic nitrogen cycle, to overcome the large microbial oxygen consumption, anaerobic metabolite accumulation. Http://Content/5e78eeca-7a68-4ca8-81aa-b8eac504544b?cType=2

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