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First, the establishment of colonization
Select a sandy loam with deep soil and a pH of 5.5--7.5, which can be used in mountainous, plain, and hilly areas. Dig 100cm wide, 80cm deep or 100cmx100cmx80cm large holes, 50kg of processing and composting, add superphosphate 5kg, potassium chloride 0.3kg as base fertilizer. Persimmon is best planted during October-November. It is generally better to use good seedlings grafted with wild persimmon No. 6 to plant 100--120 strains per 667 square meters and a ratio of 12:1 for male and female plants. Configure pollination varieties.
Second, soil, fertilizer, water management
At the sapling stage, attention is paid to loose soil weeding and proper application of topdressing. After 1 year of spring planting, the first fertilizer is applied after the spring shoots are applied. The urea is applied at a rate of 5 to 10 g, and 5 kg of human and animal manure water is applied. After that, the top dressing is applied 1--2 times per month. The dosage gradually increased. In the second year of March, May, August and September, fertilize once. The third young plant begins to bear fruit, and potassium fertilizer and a small amount of boron fertilizer should be added. 4--5 years of persimmon into the high-yield period, to be good "three fat." That is, a fertilizer before application, applied in March-April, the application of urea 100g, potassium sulfate 100g, phosphate fertilizer 50g, borax 5g and a small amount of multiple microelement fertilizer; two Shi strong fruit fertilizer, applied in June-July, the strain Application of urea 100g, superphosphate 150g, potassium sulfate 150g; three postpartum fertilizer, applied in November-December, mainly organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, to provide adequate nutrients for the next year's high yield.
Persimmon roots are afraid of stagnant water. During the rainy season, it is necessary to pay attention to clearing the gutters and prevent water accumulation. In the period from July to September, when the fruits were inflated before the expansion, watering and drought relief work should be done in time.
Third, shaping pruning
During planting, the treetops were cut at a height of 0.9--1m. In the winter or early spring dormancy period, three branches with the same vertical and horizontal distances were selected as the main branches in different directions and levels. The first main branch was 40--50 cm from the ground. Cut the main branch and the non-main branch of the stem to 20% of the tip length. After 2 years of colonization, the non-principal branches were all cut off in the winter, and the growth of the main branch was cut by 20%. Then the thin, weak, overlapping and overlapping branches on the side branches were cut off. Finally, a strong branch with a lateral extension was selected as the first main branch at about 50 cm from the main branch site, and along with other remaining side branches, 20% of the annual growth amount was cut off. After 3 years of colonization, the second main branch was selected according to the method above to form a dwarf naturally happy-shaped crown.
The pruning of adult trees is mainly to cultivate robust mother trees on the main branches and sub-branches. In the winter, the results were short and the branches were thin and weak, the retracted parts were too long and the main branches were old and the old ones. It is also possible to cultivate rough and short fruiting branches by twisting, pulling branches, girdling, etc. in the summer. Each year, it is replaced alternately, and the dense branches, overlapping branches, thin and weak branches and legged branches are timely removed from the trees to ensure that the internal hemorrhoids are transparent.
Fourth, flower and fruit management
1. Flowering girdling: For the vegetative growth of over-prosperous tree, flowering stage circumcision of 0.2--0.4cm width and depth up to the xylem on the main branch and sub-branches, and increase the fruit setting rate.
2. Artificial pollination: Male persimmon sapling male plants less, artificial pollination can improve fruit set rate of more than 35%.
3. Thinning and fruit thinning: For weak trees and multi-flower trees, flowers are weakly and densely flowered during flowering, and small fruit and malformed fruit are sparse during the young fruit period. After the first physiological fruit drop in July, the young fruit was selected according to the ratio of 20--25 leaves and one fruit, and the excess fruit was removed.
4. Bagging and fruit protection: Bagging can make the fruit smooth and even, prevent bird damage, sunburn and cracking, etc., thereby improving the quality of large fruit rate. The bagging is carried out after fruit thinning, spraying a fungicide before the bagging, and then bagging with a double-layer air-permeable paper bag. 15 days before fruit ripening bag coloring.
V. Pest Control
1. Disease prevention and treatment: The main diseases of persimmon are anthracnose, angular spot, and gray mold, etc. It should be mainly prevention. Before planting, the seedlings should be disinfected well and the winter work should be done well. Anthracnose and keratoses can be sprayed with 70% thiophanate-methyl 500-fold solution; Botrytis can be sprayed with 50% more Mildew 1000 times at the early stage of the disease. If 50% Sucrose is used 4500 times, the effect will be improved. Better.
2. Insect pest control: Prevention and treatment of the schistosomiasis can be applied in early May in the ground under the canopy of 4% enemy horse powder 0.5kg, to kill overwintering larvae, larvae spray 20% to kill sterilized emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times; stab The moth can be sprayed with 2.5% deltamethrin 3000 times solution in the larval stage, and the fleas can be culled and sprayed at 1000 times in the larval stage.
High-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques for sweet persimmon
Sweet persimmons are the treasures of persimmon introduced from Japan. There are more than ten varieties such as Shinjiro, Wealthy, Izu, and Nishimura. Its nutritional and health care value is high, it is resistant to storage and transportation, and its merchandise is good. It has an excellent development prospect. Now introduce its high quality and high yield cultivation techniques as follows: