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Frequently occurring diseases and prevention measures in bean sprout production
First, the bean does not germinate 1. Symptoms: The bean does not germinate. 2, the reasons for the occurrence: (1) Chen beans. The bean is stored for more than 2 years, or it is mildewed during storage due to high temperature and humidity. (2) Residual beans. Such as insect bean, diseased beans, broken beans, etc. lose their ability to germinate. (3) The production conditions are not suitable. Extremely low temperatures, insufficient moisture, or long periods of soaking. 3. Prevention and control measures: (1) Select fresh and high-quality bean, pick out diseased beans and broken beans. (2) When soaking the beans, the water temperature should be appropriate and the soaking time should be appropriate. The temperature of the germination environment should be maintained at about 25°C. Drench the water every 4 to 6 hours. The water should be thoroughly penetrated, but be careful not to collect water at the bottom of the container. Second, the growth of thin bean sprouts 1. Symptoms: Slight and fragile buds, true leaves grow and develop, showing a green, seriously affecting the quality and price of bean sprouts. 2, the reasons for the occurrence: (1) bean sprouts and sunlight and air contact time is too long. (2) The temperature in the germination container is too high, bean sprouts grow too fast, and the buds are weak. (3) Too little water is sprayed, and the hypocotyl does not fully absorb water to satisfy the growth. (4) To harvest too late, bean sprouts grow too long. 3. Prevention and control measures: (1) The shade covering above the container for budding should be tightly covered to create a dark germination environment. (2) Drenching water should be timely, the amount of water should be sufficient, and the water temperature should be properly adjusted to maintain the proper temperature for bean sprout growth and adequate water supply. (3) timely harvest to prevent bean sprouts aging. Third, the rotten bean sprouts 1, symptoms: due to pathogen infection, bean sprouts from the lower part of the first rot, with the proliferation of bacteria, the entire container of bean sprouts infected with rot, eventually leading to "rotten crock." 2. Reasons for the occurrence: (1) Unqualified bean quality. There are rotting beans, pod beans or broken beans in the bean, and the bacteria are easy to infect and rot when they encounter water. (2) The environment is not clean. The containers, tools and containers used to make bean sprouts are unclean, with bacteria or contaminants. (3) Unclean water, especially water containing a large amount of organic matter, is susceptible to bacteria and causes rot. 3, prevention and control measures: (1) Select beans, remove rotting beans, broken beans. (2) Thorough disinfection of production houses, containers, and tools. It is usually cleaned with a solution such as bleach or baking soda. (3) Drenching water should be cleaned. The number of times of watering, amount of water and water temperature should be operated according to the requirements of bean sprouts. Fourth, bean sprouts red root 1. Symptoms: Soybean sprouts are immersed in red water, affecting the bean sprouts' exogenous morphology and product quality. 2. Reasons for the occurrence: (1) The watering time interval is too long, the amount of water is insufficient, the heat dissipation is not timely, and the lack of oxygen causes the roots to become red roots. (2) The water temperature is not suitable, especially in the high temperature season, the water temperature is too high, the heat dissipation effect is poor, and red roots are prone to occur. 3. Control measures: Drench the water on time, and master the water temperature and quantity so that the bean sprouts can fully dissipate heat. V. Cylinder 1. Symptoms: large bean sprouts, short and short bean sprouts, weak growth, sprouts on the bottom of the germination container, acidification, stinking, drain holes often flow out of white pulp. 2, the reasons for the occurrence; (1) long time bean dip, over-expanded beans, bean nutrients in the extravasation and prevent seed germination and normal growth. (2) The container has poor drainage and there is water at the bottom. 3, prevention and control measures: (1) according to different beans, different seasons, soaking time should be appropriate. For example, soy bean sprouts soaking time: 8 hours in winter, 4 hours in summer, and 5-6 hours in spring and autumn. (2) Pay attention to smooth drainage and prevent container water accumulation. 6. Uneven growth of bean sprouts 1. Symptoms: The growth of the sprouting containers is inconsistent with the growth of the central bean sprouts. 2. Reasons for the occurrence: Using ordinary breeding facilities, the temperature around the container is not consistent with the central temperature. In winter, the outside temperature is low, which reduces the temperature of the bean sprouts around the container, so that the middle bean sprouts grow faster; in the summer, the central bean sprouts of the container are poor in heat dissipation and ventilation, and the surrounding bean sprouts grow better than the central ones. 3. Prevention and control measures: (1) The production room should be constructed rationally, and be as cool as possible in winter and cool in summer, and adopt advanced production equipment. (2) In winter, attention should be paid to the insulation around the container; in the summer, the temperature can be adjusted by pouring water to change the phenomenon of uneven growth. Seven, bad bud nest 1, symptoms: In the hot season, in the middle of the growth of bean sprouts, produce a group of "rat hole"-like rotten bud nest, severe collapse phenomenon will occur. 2. Reasons for the occurrence: In the early stage of bean sprouts growth, due to the small size of the bean sprouts, the gap between the bean sprouts is small, the heat generated is difficult to dissipate, and rot occurs. Generally, the lower part of the container is heavier. 3. Control measures: (1) Loose placement of beans, especially in the middle of the container. (2) In the hot season, the water should be poured in a timely manner. (3) Once you have found a bud, remove it in time to prevent further spread. Eight, the roots of black 1, symptoms: dark roots, black, bud stem color is not fresh. 2. Reasons for the occurrence: In winter production, the ambient temperature is too low, and the temperature of water showering is also low. 3. Prevention and control measures: Increase the temperature of the environment and the temperature of the showering water in winter to supplement the heat so that the bean sprouts can grow normally. Nine, bean sprouts without a sharp tip 1, symptoms: bean sprouts all normal growth, but no roots grow, the root was round, short thick bean sprouts. 2. Causes: Improper spraying of rootless hormones, excessive use or overage. 3, prevention measures: try not to use rootless sprouts hormones, once used should pay attention to the concentration and dosage. Author Unit: Plant Protection Bureau, Agricultural Bureau of Haiyang City, Shandong Province Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Yantai City