In recent years, agricultural machinery departments at all levels have done a lot of work in the comprehensive utilization of straw, introduced and promoted a number of corn straw harvesting silage, wheat straw baling machinery, in order to effectively prevent the destruction and waste of agricultural production resources, the prohibition of straw It has made positive contributions to incineration and boosting farmers' income, and has laid a good foundation for the comprehensive utilization of crop stalks. Corn harvesting silage machinery There are many domestic manufacturers of such machinery, including the MB-220 disc rotary green feeding harvester produced by Zhaoguang Machinery Factory of Heilongjiang Province and Germany, which is suitable for silage harvesting machines for corn and corn stalks. . The machine is equipped with a 22--66kW tractor, which can only harvest one row at a time, and the machine price is high. The 4YL-1A straw recycling corn combine harvester produced by the Zhengzhou Farming Equipment Factory in Henan Province is equipped with 18--22kw tractors, single-row harvesting, one-time picking, packing, and straw shredding. The aircraft's price is low, but its efficiency is not high, it is easy to plug, and it is not suitable for large-scale operations. Most of the other self-propelled and backpack-type corn combine harvesters made in China are harvested directly from the straw when it is harvested. This kind of operation wastes straw resources, and increases the cost of operations after returning to the field. In the more economically developed regions, it is more effective to respond to the current vigorous development of the dairy cattle industry by adopting corn silage silage and returning to the fields. In recent years, a corn stalk harvester has been introduced on the market, which can be harvested with spikes when harvesting, harvested after manual harvesting, and evenly distributed after harvest. Harvesting 2 - 3 rows at a time, and some also have a killing function. Supporting 8.8--15kW tractors, productivity 0.5--1.0 hectares/hour. The wheat straw baling mechanical straw baling machine can automatically pick up, bale, bundle and bunch a batch of wheat straw, pasture and other crop straws. It can be used with many types of tractors at home and abroad to adapt to various geographical conditions. Round bale and square bale models. Round baler: no knotter, its structure is relatively simple, small size, and the price is cheaper, simple operation and maintenance, the disadvantage is low productivity, because it is an intermittent operation, stop picking when baling, bundled round bale density is low, Shipping and storage are not very convenient. Picking up width is too small, mostly about 80cm. If a large combine harvester performs baling after harvest, it is prone to clogging or breaking ropes. Square balers: Because the density of bales being beaten is greater than that of round bales, transportation and storage are more convenient, continuous operation is possible, and the efficiency is higher. However, due to its complex structure and high manufacturing cost, the price is also high. At present, most of the balers sold on the market are domestic models. The main manufacturers are the square bales and round balers produced by the Modern Agricultural Equipment Corporation of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Machinery; the 9YF and 9YY series of square bales produced by Shanghai Nongye Industry and Commerce Xiangming General Corporation. , Circular balers; 9KF, 9KYQ series square bales and round balers manufactured by Shanghai Electric Group's modern agricultural equipment company; round balers manufactured by Shandong Guangrao, Bochang and other companies. The imported balers have a certain market share in China because of their stable performance and reliable quality, but their prices are relatively high. Currently, balers are mainly purchased on state-owned and collective farms. High quality, low cost, and less versatile machinery At present, most of the corn straw silage remains in several processes such as manual picking, mechanical cutting, vehicle transportation, and mechanical chopping. The combined use of harvested silage and corn ear tangerine silage is very low. This mode of operation is not only labor-intensive but also has low silage quality. Therefore, the corn harvested silage machinery has become a key factor restricting the utilization of corn stalks. The domestic machine technology is not closed and the quality is poor; the quality of the imported machine is good and the price is too high, and the farmers cannot afford it. With respect to the use of wheat straw, the wheat production process has basically been mechanized, and wheat straw baling has just started. After the harvester is harvested, it is necessary to manually collect or directly incinerate straw from a place. Straw burning also causes serious damage. Therefore, in addition to being legally constrained, the advantages and disadvantages of wheat straw balers have become a key factor that restricts the comprehensive utilization of wheat straw. Stalks available to use less channels Currently, wheat stalks can only use paper mills and a small amount of edible fungi, the utilization rate is very low; foreign countries have already used wheat straw to produce density plates and other decorative materials; corn stalk production is large, but the number of dairy cows is small, The utilization rate is not high either. Only comprehensive utilization of straw can make corn silage and wheat straw baling machinery useful. The comprehensive utilization of crop stalks is a system project with high added value and wide coverage. It is necessary to organically combine transportation, environmental protection, and engineering. It should be promoted by science and technology, driven by demonstration, driven by policies, promoted by typical industries, and combined scientific research, production, and promotion. Three-dimensional advancing measures for research. The first is to increase the publicity and promotion of corn harvesting silage and wheat straw baling machinery, which has aroused the attention and recognition of the farmers. Second, it is necessary to select a good model. After tests, the effect is significant. The local machinery should be highlighted for promotion; Thirdly, we must do a good job of modelling, provide support to the agricultural machinery and large farmers who have used the above-mentioned machinery, and implement follow-up services. Fourth, we must actively seek financial support to form a policy-oriented, farmer’s investment as the mainstay, and social capital as a supplement to the diversification. The input mechanism will fully mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers for purchasing. In this way, the comprehensive utilization of crop stalks can be successfully implemented. 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Acquisition and editing center article from: China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Network
Comprehensive utilization of straw machinery should be vigorously promoted