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Second, the selection of good varieties of road (1) use high-quality special wheat. The main quality indicators are in line with the national standard GB/T17892-1999, such as strong gluten wheat 1, 2 and other standards, with the characteristics of wide adaptability and strong resistance. The wheat varieties suitable for orders for promotion and application in Tai'an City are mainly: Jinan No. 17 (formerly code 924142, selected by Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences) and Yannong No. 19 (formerly codenamed Yanyou 361, selected by Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences). Yuye), Jinmai No. 20 (formerly No. 935031, selected by Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences), and Wanmai No. 12 (trained by agricultural sciences in Zibo City, Shandong Province), all of which are winter varieties. It plays an important role in the production of wheat in Tai'an City, and its production area accounts for more than 50% of the wheat planting area.
(2) Seed purity ≥ 99%, germination rate ≥ 85%, in line with CB4404.1 ~ 1996 standards.
Third, fertility and fertility, adequate planting, good seed treatment (1) increase organic fertilizer, optimize formula fertilization. The results of long-term location monitoring of cultivated land in the city show that the current soil fertility status in Tai'an City is an average 1.35% soil organic matter content, and the available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are 79 mg/kg, 12.7 mg/kg, and 94 mg/kg, respectively. Some plots have insufficient available potassium. In the production of high-quality strong gluten wheat, soil testing and formula fertilization will be applied, with 3000-4000 kg of organic fertilizer applied on the basis of mu, 8 kg of nitrogen fertilizer (pure N), 60 kg of phosphate fertilizer (standard phosphate fertilizer), and 20 kg of potassium fertilizer (standard potassium fertilizer). Sulphur fertilizer can be appropriately added. Sulfur can improve the quality of wheat. Potash fertilizer can significantly improve the quality of wheat. Therefore, potassium fertilizer should be added. The nitrogen application rate was applied at 50% and another 50% (N8 kg pure) was applied at the jointing stage.
(2) Fine soil preparation and irrigation. The promotion of mechanical deep plowing requires depth of cultivation of 25 to 30 centimeters. The method of deep plowing every other year shall be adopted to eliminate cultivated plowland in successive years. The combination of the cultivator and the cultivator has no light and darkness to achieve "deep, fine, flat and solid."
(3) According to the soil moisture content, the use of flooding compaction technology before sowing election. Irrigation compaction technology is to plough and level land, and watering irrigation about 7 days before planting. Using this technology, soil moisture is even and it is beneficial to all-seeding seedlings.
(4) Seed treatment. Use Huaiyang 14% wheat seed coating agent in Shandong Province with 125 grams of coating to prevent underground pests. At the same time, it can also treat voles and prevent Rhizoctonia; with 20% Triadimefon or 2.5% Chrysanthemum with 0.1% to 0.2% of seed. Species, 2% Rikenxi are seeded with 0.1% of the seed amount or 50g/mu of Pseudomonas fluorescens, to prevent sheath blight, total erosion, root rot, etc.; phoxim can be used in mixed areas of diseases and insect pests Triadimefon or selenonin mixed dressing.
(5) Appropriate amount of sowing in proper period. The winter cultivars are planted at a daily average temperature of 18 to 16°C, and the semi-winter cultivars are planted at a daily average temperature of 16 to 14°C. The specific time is from September 28 to October 8. All semi-finished sowing techniques are used to produce semi-broad seeding varieties with low spike rate, such as Wanmai No. 12, which has a basic seedling size of 130,000 to 180,000. The middle panicle type with a high rate of tillering, such as Jinan No. 17, Basic seedlings per mu 80,000 to 120,000. The sowing depth should be 3 to 5 cm.
(6) Planting specifications Large ear type spacing is 22 cm, middle ear type spacing is 25 cm.
Fourth, pre-winter management techniques (1) Seedlings will be replanted immediately after emergence. The method is before the three-leaf, lack of seedlings and severe ridges to replant early. Seedlings to be removed.
(2) timely delineation. After the rain, or with the land where the water is poured, timely scratching is performed to remove the compaction and prevent the root from being strained, which is beneficial for warming, keeping the earthworms, and promoting root growth.
(3) Promote chemical weeding techniques. In early November, 40% of Quniiling dry suspension agent is used to control field weeds by spraying 4 grams per mu or 6.9% of humming oil per mu, 50 ml per mu, and 30-40 kg of water.
(4) According to local conditions, pour over winter water. According to the public opinion, pour over the winter water from the small snow to the beginning of the winter. When the moisture content is suitable, the fish should be scratched immediately to remove the compaction, loosen soil and protect the soil, prevent soil cracks, and avoid frost damage.
Fifth, the spring management technology (1) fertilizer and water management. Overcome the traditional spring and immediately return to Qingshui to go back green manure and go back to the green and jointing stage fertilizer and water use habits, special wheat spring fertilizer application period to be delayed, the number of applications to be reduced. On the basis of pouring winter water, under normal circumstances, spring pouring water, jointing water, spring fertilizer delayed postponed to the jointing stage, the big spike type with low tillering rate of tillering can be top-dressed at the beginning of jointing, watering, tilling tilling rate High mid-peak varieties can be top-dressed and watered later in the jointing period. If the soil moisture content in the return period is low, only the Qingshui water can be poured, no fertilizer is applied, and fertilizer and water are applied at the jointing stage. If there is insufficient population in the green period, the management of the spring fertilizer can be carried out in the period of getting up.
(2) Early spring breaks. Early spring ploughing is also an important measure for special wheat spring management. When the soil is defrosted by 2 cm, it can be plucked, and the larvae are slaughtered 2 to 3 times during the jointing period. According to the lyrics, pour the water of the booting, which is the key to the growth of wheat.
(3) At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen forecasting and prevention and pay attention to prevention and control of rust, powdery mildew and head blight. When the pests and diseases meet the prevention and control indicators, 40% methylisophosporin can be used to control and control the golden spitworms and other underground pests; 40% dimethoate can be used as a 1000 times or 0.9% abamectin 3000 times spray to control wheat. Spiders, a combination of both treatment of wheat leaf bees; 20% triadimefon 1500 times or 50,000 units of Jinggangmycin sprayed on the stem base to prevent powdery mildew and rust. Mixed re-use area of ​​pests and insecticides should be mixed with pesticides and fungicides.
VI. Post-field management (1) Prevention and control of pests and diseases. This period should pay attention to protect the use of natural enemies. Select low-toxicity and high-efficiency pesticides such as 15% Averm EC (600 ml/ha), 50% Pipa fog 10 g/mu 0.9% Vermectin 3000x, 0.2% bitter alkali 200-300 ml/mu spray control Wheat bran, combined with stick insects and wheat leaf bees, ensure food safety. Use 20% triadimefon 50-75g/mu or 70% thiophanate-methyl 20-30g/mu to control powdery mildew and rust, and to cure red head disease; use insecticides and fungicides for re-infested areas Mix spray.
(2) foliar spray fertilizer. Spraying 2% urea solution on the middle stage of grain milk ripening can increase grain weight and protein content of grain.
(3) Harvest in a timely manner to avoid sprouting. The suitable harvest period for dedicated wheat is the late wax ripening period. The stalks of the wheat were all yellow, the leaves were yellow, and the stems were still elastic.
(4) Promote harvesting with a combine harvester and straw return.
(5) Different varieties need to be collected and stored individually to ensure stable quality and increase the commodity rate of high-quality special wheat.
(6) Drying in time. Dry in time after harvest and do not allow drying on asphalt or any substances that may cause pollution.
High-quality wheat pollution-free cultivation techniques
Tai'an City, Shandong Province is located in Luzhong, which has a long history of agricultural development in the plains along the plains. Historically, it is known as a granary. The plains along the plains have fertile land, suitable climate, and convenient transportation. There are numerous flour processing companies and provide good production conditions for the development of high-quality special wheat. Wheat is the most important food crop in Tai'an City, Shandong Province. In recent years, the municipal government has made high-quality special wheat production the focus of agricultural structural adjustment, and high-quality special wheat has been greatly developed. However, the common problem in production is that the quality of wheat is not stable, and pollution-free production is neglected, resulting in a low commodity rate of special wheat, and adversely affecting the lives of urban and rural people. According to the city’s natural conditions, we have conducted comprehensive and in-depth research on high-quality, high-yield, pollution-free production techniques for dedicated wheat for several years in a row. We have integrated and assembled special wheat high-yield pollution-free cultivation technology standards. In 2003, we have developed and promoted over 100 million mu of land. The city’s wheat product rate has been significantly improved and has achieved good economic and social benefits. The technical specifications for high-quality, high-yield, pollution-free cultivation of special wheat are briefly described below for reference. First, choose the production base of high-quality special wheat production in Tai'an City, Shandong Province. First, choose the fertile plain townships where the brown soil or the brown soil is relatively concentrated in the middle soil or the sticky soil as the base. Regionalized contiguous planting is suitable for these two soil types. Efficient and stable production of wheat for special wheat production. In addition, the water supply facilities in the production base are suitable for irrigation and drainage; irrigation waters have no pollution source that poses a hazard to the base environment, such as industrial “three wastes†and urban domestic sewage.