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Six Kinds of Mechanical Failure Predicts and Treatments for Diesel Engines
The diesel engine has a mechanical failure during operation, which causes damage to the basic components and causes serious mechanical accidents. Under normal circumstances, before the diesel engine malfunctions, its speed, sound, exhaust, water temperature, oil pressure, etc. will show some abnormal signs, that is, the characteristics of the symptoms of the failure. Therefore, operators should promptly make correct judgments according to the characteristics of the signs and take decisive measures to avoid accidents. 1. "Speeding" Fault Predictive Features Before "Speeding", diesel engines generally emit blue smoke, burning oil, or unstable speed. Treatment measures: First, stop the fuel supply to stop the accelerator and step on the brake; second, block the intake pipe and cut off the air; third, quickly release the high pressure fuel pipe to stop the oil supply; fourthly, the heavy load that can be used during the walking of the diesel engine (brake), causing the engine to stall due to insufficient torque. 2. Cylinder failure symptoms The characteristic sticking cylinder generally occurs in the case of severe water shortage of the diesel engine. Before the cylinder is viscous, the engine runs out of power. The water temperature indicator indicates that the temperature exceeds 100°C, and a few drops of cold water are dripping on the body. And take a white smoke, the water droplets evaporate quickly. Treatment measures: Idle speed for a period of time or turn off the crankshaft to help cool, so that the water temperature drops to about 40 °C, then slowly add cooling water. Be careful not to add cooling water immediately, otherwise it will cause the parts to be deformed or cracked due to the sudden drop in local temperature. 3. The characteristics of the fault of the blow-by-cylinder The blow-by-cylinder is a mechanical failure with great destructive force. The blow-out of the drop-cylinder caused by the drop-cylinder is mostly caused by loosening of the connecting rod bolts. After the connecting rod bolt is loosened or stretched, the connecting rod The clearance increases with the bearing. At this time, the “click†sound can be heard in the crankcase. The knocking sound changes from small to large. Finally, the connecting rod bolt completely falls off or breaks. The connecting rod and bearing cap are thrown out and broken. Body and related parts. Actions: Stop and overhaul immediately, replace new parts. 4. Predicted characteristics of burned tiles faults The speed of the diesel engine suddenly decreases during the work, the load increases, the engine emits black smoke, the oil pressure drops, and the “fried†dry friction sound in the crankcase occurs. Treatment measures: Stop the machine immediately, remove the connecting rod bearing, check the cause, and repair and replace. 5. Axis fault prediction features When the engine crankshaft journal shoulder fatigue cracks occur, the fault symptoms are not yet obvious, with the cracks increase the increase, the engine crankcase boring percussion sound, speed changes As the percussion sounds increase, the engine emits black smoke. Soon, the percussion sound gradually increases, the engine shakes, the crankshaft breaks, and the flame turns off. Treatment measures: It was found that the signs were checked immediately and the cracks should be replaced in time. 6. Precursor feature of pulling cylinder failure The exhaust pipe is severely black smoke and suddenly turns off, and the crankshaft cannot rotate. At this point the diesel engine can no longer be started for work, but the cause should be identified and eliminated. Treatment measures: (1) Early discovery cylinders should first increase the amount of cylinder oil lubrication. If the overheating phenomenon does not change, take a single cylinder to stop the oil, reduce the speed, speed up the piston cooling and other measures until the overheating is eliminated. (2) When a cylinder is found, the speed must be reduced quickly and then stopped. Continue to increase piston cooling while cranking. (3) If the piston cannot be cranked due to the piston's death, wait for the piston to cool for a period of time before moving it to make it move. (4) When the piston is severely seized, kerosene can be injected into the cylinder, and the piston can be cooled to shake the flywheel or disc brake. (5) When lifting the cylinder, traces of the cylinder on the surface of the piston and liner should be carefully ground with whetstone. Damaged piston rings must be replaced. If the piston and liner are severely damaged, they should be replaced. (6) When the piston is refitted, it must be carefully checked whether the oil filling holes in the cylinder are normal. If both the piston and the cylinder liner are renewed, they should be worn after being loaded. During the running-in, the load should be gradually increased from the low load and operated continuously. (7) If the cylinder-crash accident cannot be repaired or is not allowed to be repaired, the cylinder-sealing method may be used to continue the operation.