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Winter tilapia management
First, the preparation before winter 1, the winter pond preparation. The wintering pool can be a concrete or earthen pond. General indoor quiet pool is best cement pool structure, easy to change water and sewage. The size of wintering ponds should be determined according to the number of protected species, heating conditions and management level. The use of electricity or boiler heating, generally each wintering pond area of ​​10-30 square meters; the use of hot spring water, deep well water or factory waste heat over winter, the area can be larger, about 50-80 square meters, such as adequate heat source, temperature High, up to 100-500 square meters in area. The pool is 1-1.5 meters deep. The shape of the wintering pond is preferably a rectangular shape. If the wintering pond is a concrete pool, one end of the pool should be provided with a water inlet, and the other end should have a water outlet (or a sewage outlet) at the bottom. The water inlet to the sewage outlet must have a certain gradient to facilitate drainage. Inlet and outlet must be installed to stop the fish net to prevent fish escape. Overwintering ponds are sterilized. In general, the static water overwintering pool can be filled with water for 1 week after disinfection. The water depth is 1-1.2 meters. Pool water is best to use fresh river water or tap water. If you use pond water, you need to disinfect the pool with 1 mg/L bleach. Warm water wintering pond can add water 1-2 days after disinfection. 2, the preparation of overwintering fish. Fertilize before wintering. Wintering fish one month before the winter is concentrated in the pool, or raised in the pond net cage, and feed more concentrated feed to promote body fat and enhance winter cold resistance. After adoption, it will gradually adapt to the dense living environment during the winter. There are two kinds of broodstock fish and winter fish. The broodstock can continue to be elected from the broodstock that had already bred in that year. If there is not enough quantity, we must choose the better-growing individuals from the reserve broodstock. The proportion of female and male broodstock is selected by 3:1 or 4:1, and the female and male fish are separated for winter. The number of stays may be increased by 10%-15% depending on the projected requirements for the production of fry. The average number of female fish per side of 250 g was calculated from 300-500 tails in the fry growth cycle of 40-50 days. The fish species should be selected from the fish species cultivated in the special pool for autumn seedlings, and the size should be 5-6 cm. The survival rate is high in winter, and the economic benefits for breeding in the coming year are good. Fish disinfection. Broodstock and fingerlings were soaked in 1%-2% saline for 5-10 minutes when entering the wintering pond. Second, the time and density of wintering fish into the pool 1, into the pool time. The time for the wintering fish to enter the pond should be controlled at the water temperature of 18-20 °C when entering the wintering pond. Must enter the overwintering pool when the water temperature is above 18°C, and it must end before the first cold weather. To catch the overwintering fish, you must choose the wind and the sunny warm air to avoid frostbite. 2, into the pool density. The temperature of the flow pool is lean and there is sufficient dissolved oxygen. In general, 12-20 kg of broodstock or 8-12.5 kg of fish can be placed per cubic meter of water, and 5 to 7.5 kg of broodstock can be stored per cubic meter of water in an aquifer tank. 3.5-5 kilograms of fingerlings; static water tanks, with no oxygen booster and regular water changes, 2.5-4 kg of broodstock or 2-3 kg of fingerling per cubic meter. Third, during the winter feeding management 1, control the water temperature. The overwintering fish can control the water temperature at 20-25°C in the time of about 10 days after entering the pool, which is beneficial to the healing of the slight wounds of the fish, controlling the water mildew, and improving the survival rate of entering the pool. After the entire winter period, the water temperature is required to be maintained at 16-20°C, and cannot be overstated. The use of warm water over winter, such as hot spring water, factory cooling water, etc., can adjust the flow of water to control the water temperature; the use of steam heating overwinter, increase the number of water changes to maintain a certain water temperature; plastic film greenhouses, sunny use of solar thermal In the evening or in case of cold currents, use an electric heater to warm up. When the temperature rises, it must be ventilated and cooled. Keep the temperature in the greenhouse at about 20°C to maintain the water temperature at 16-20°C. 2, adjust the water quality. The wintering pool should keep the water fresh, with dissolved oxygen above 2 mg/l. The warm water flowing through the wintering pond can regulate the water quality through the water flow; when the water quality is too thick and fish floating head phenomenon occurs, the water can be used to adjust the water quality. The indoor static water overwintering pool, in the 10 days after the wintering fish into the pool, change the water once a day, after the general change of water once every 3-5 days. In order to prevent the overwintering pool water temperature from changing too much, the amount of water to be changed each time should not be too much, generally controlled at 1/3-1/4. Before the water change, discharge the residue and feces, and then inject new water. The temperature of the pool water after changing the water is preferably about 2°C. If the water quality in the overwintering pool deteriorates, the fish floating head is serious, and it is impossible to replace the new water with proper temperature in time, it can be treated with hydrogen peroxide. The method is to sprinkling 0.5 kg of 30% hydrogen peroxide in 10 cubic meters of water to relieve the serious floating head. 3, reasonable feeding. Warm water overwintering pond, daily feeding amount of 1.5% -3% of fish weight. The amount of water fed to the pond over the winter is controlled at about 0.5% of the body weight of the fish. If the water quality deteriorates or if you find the fish is sick, you must stop feeding. During the late winter, due to the warming of the weather, the temperature gradually increases, and the amount of feeding can be appropriately increased. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Baiqing Yuxia Yanjie)